Hit and Run New Law in India: Shocking Changes You Should Know

Posted on April 22, 2025 | By Ashutosh Singh

Picture this: you’re driving through a bustling Indian city, navigating chaotic traffic, when suddenly, a vehicle swerves, collides with another, and speeds away, leaving an injured pedestrian in its wake. This is the heart-stopping reality of a hit-and-run incident—a crime that shatters lives and erodes trust on India’s roads. In 2025, India’s new hit-and-run law under the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS) has ignited a firestorm of debate, with penalties so severe they’ve sparked nationwide protests. Whether you’re a truck driver, a daily commuter, or a concerned citizen, the hit and run new law in India is reshaping road safety, accountability, and justice in ways you can’t ignore.

India’s roads are among the deadliest in the world, with hit-and-run cases claiming thousands of lives annually. The government’s response? A law that promises to clamp down on offenders with unprecedented force. But at what cost? From truckers blocking highways to long queues at fuel pumps, the backlash has been fierce, raising questions about fairness, enforcement, and the realities of driving in India. This guide dives deep into the hit-and-run new law in India, exploring its provisions, controversies, and implications with a sensational yet educational tone. Buckle up as we unravel everything you need to know about this game-changing legislation.

What Is a Hit-and-Run in India?

A hit-and-run incident occurs when a driver involved in an accident—whether with a person, another vehicle, or property—flees the scene without stopping to assist the victim or report the incident to authorities. In India, this could involve:

• Striking a pedestrian or cyclist and driving away.
• Colliding with another vehicle and not exchanging information.
• Damaging property, like a parked car or a roadside barrier, and leaving without accountability.

Under the Motor Vehicles Act, 1988, drivers are legally required to stop, provide aid to the injured, and report accidents to the nearest police station. However, many drivers flee due to fear of mob violence, police scrutiny, or legal consequences, leaving victims without timely help. The hit and run new law in India aims to curb this menace, but its approach has stirred a hornet’s nest.

The Scale of the Problem

India’s road safety crisis is staggering. According to the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB), in 2022, India recorded 47,806 hit-and-run cases, resulting in 50,815 deaths—an average of 19 deaths per hour or one every 3.5 minutes. With only 1% of the world’s vehicles, India accounts for 10% of global road crash deaths, costing the economy 5-7% of GDP annually. National and state highways, despite comprising just 5% of the road network, account for over 50% of accident-related fatalities. These alarming statistics underscore why the hit and run new law in India was introduced—but they also highlight the challenges of enforcing it on India’s chaotic roads.

The Hit and Run New Law in India: What’s Changed?

Introduced as part of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS), 2023, the new hit-and-run law replaces the colonial-era Indian Penal Code (IPC) and significantly ramps up penalties for fleeing accident scenes. Enacted to deter reckless driving and ensure accountability, the law has been both praised and vilified. Here’s a breakdown of its key provisions under Section 106 of the BNS:

1. Stricter Penalties for Hit-and-Run Offenders

The hit and run new law in India introduces two distinct categories for accidents involving death due to rash or negligent driving:

• Section 106(1): If a driver causes death through rash or negligent driving (not amounting to culpable homicide) and reports the incident to the police or a magistrate, they face up to 5 years imprisonment and a fine. This provision incentivizes reporting and assisting victims.
• Section 106(2): If the driver flees the scene without reporting the accident “soon after the incident,” they face up to 10 years imprisonment and a fine. While the law doesn’t specify the fine amount, reports suggest it could be as high as ₹7 lakh, sparking widespread controversy.

Previously, under Section 304A of the IPC, hit-and-run cases carried a maximum penalty of 2 years imprisonment or a fine (often as low as ₹2,000-₹3,000), with bail readily available. The new law’s 10-year jail term and hefty fine mark a dramatic shift, aiming to deter drivers from abandoning victims.

2. Incentives for Responsible Behavior

To encourage accountability, the law offers leniency for drivers who act responsibly. If a driver informs the police promptly (e.g., via a PCR call) and assists the injured, they fall under Section 106(1), facing a lesser penalty of up to 5 years. This provision reflects Supreme Court observations that stricter action is needed against those who flee, while rewarding those who stay and help.

3. Broader Context: Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita

The hit and run new law in India is part of a larger overhaul of India’s criminal justice system. The BNS, introduced in December 2023 with 358 sections, replaces the IPC to address modern challenges like rising road accidents. Other provisions, like defining snatching as a crime and extending police detention powers, show the government’s intent to modernize law enforcement.

Why Was the New Law Introduced?

The hit and run new law in India was born out of necessity. Here’s why the government felt compelled to act:

• Rising Hit-and-Run Fatalities: With 50,000 deaths annually in hit-and-run cases, India’s roads are a public health crisis. Victims often die due to delayed medical attention, as fleeing drivers deny them the “golden hour” for treatment.
• Lenient Previous Laws: The IPC’s 2-year maximum penalty was widely criticized as too lenient, allowing offenders to escape with minimal consequences. The Motor Vehicles (Amendment) Act, 2019, increased victim compensation to ₹2 lakh for deaths, but it didn’t address driver accountability.
• Supreme Court Pressure: The Supreme Court has repeatedly called for stricter measures against reckless drivers who flee, citing cases where timely reporting could have saved lives.
• Global Comparisons: Countries like the U.S. and UK have strict hit-and-run laws, fostering a culture of stopping and assisting victims. India aims to emulate this to reduce road deaths.

The law’s intent is clear: deter hit-and-runs, save lives, and ensure justice. But its implementation has hit a roadblock, with truckers and transporters crying foul.

The Controversy: Why Are Truckers Protesting?

The hit and run new law in India triggered massive protests in January 2024, with truck drivers, bus operators, and the All India Motor Transport Congress (AIMTC) blocking highways in states like Maharashtra, Chhattisgarh, West Bengal, and Punjab. The protests caused fuel shortages, panic buying, and traffic chaos, with long queues at petrol pumps in cities like Delhi and Mumbai. Here’s why the law has sparked such outrage:

1. Excessive Penalties

Truckers argue that a 10-year jail term and a ₹7 lakh fine are disproportionately harsh, especially for unintentional accidents. Many drivers earn low wages, and such a fine could bankrupt their families. The AIMTC calls the law “draconian,” claiming it fails to distinguish between reckless driving and unavoidable accidents caused by mechanical failures or poor road conditions.

2. Fear of Mob Violence

Drivers fear stopping at accident scenes due to the risk of mob violence, particularly in rural areas. In some cases, crowds have attacked drivers attempting to help victims, blaming them regardless of fault. The law doesn’t address this safety concern, leaving drivers in a catch-22: face a mob or face jail.

3. Unfair Blame on Larger Vehicles

Truckers claim the law unfairly targets drivers of larger vehicles, as police often blame them for accidents without thorough investigations. The National Crime Records Bureau reports a 48% conviction rate in hit-and-run cases, suggesting systemic bias against drivers.

4. Economic Impact

The protests highlighted the law’s potential to deter people from the trucking profession, exacerbating driver shortages. With India’s logistics sector already strained, harsh penalties could disrupt supply chains, as seen during the January 2024 strike.

5. Lack of Stakeholder Consultation

The AIMTC and drivers criticized the government for passing the law without consulting transporters. Rajendra Kapoor, president of the All India Motor & Goods Transport Association, told ANI, “There was no discussion with anyone on this. There should have been prior meetings.”

In response to the protests, the government paused the implementation of Section 106(2) in January 2024, promising consultations with the AIMTC before enforcement. As of April 2025, the provision remains on hold, but the debate rages on.

How Does the Law Affect Drivers and Victims?

The hit and run new law in India has far-reaching implications for drivers, victims, and society. Here’s a closer look:

For Drivers

• Increased Accountability: Fleeing an accident scene is now a high-risk decision, with severe penalties looming. Even private vehicle owners face the same rules, not just commercial drivers.
• Incentive to Report: The 5-year penalty for reporting accidents encourages drivers to stay and assist, potentially reducing fatalities.
• Financial Strain: The rumored ₹7 lakh fine could cripple low-income drivers, raising questions about affordability and fairness.
• Fear of Enforcement: With police empowered to impose strict penalties, drivers worry about misuse or overzealous enforcement.

For Victims

• Better Chances of Survival: By deterring hit-and-runs, the law aims to ensure victims receive timely medical attention, critical in the “golden hour” after an accident.
• Enhanced Compensation: The Motor Vehicles (Amendment) Act, 2019, provides ₹2 lakh for hit-and-run deaths and ₹50,000 for grievous injuries, complementing the BNS’s focus on accountability.
• Justice and Closure: Stricter penalties mean offenders are more likely to be caught and punished, offering closure to grieving families.

For Society

• Safer Roads: The law seeks to foster a culture of responsibility, where drivers prioritize human life over self-preservation.
• Economic Stability: By reducing hit-and-run deaths, India could save billions in GDP losses, redirecting resources to development.
• Public Awareness: The controversy has sparked discussions about road safety, encouraging citizens to report accidents and support victims.

Regional Impact: How States Are Affected

India’s diverse states face unique challenges in implementing the hit and run new law. Here’s how key regions are impacted:

• Tamil Nadu: With 64,105 road accidents in 2022, the state leads in crash numbers, particularly on national highways. The law’s strict penalties could reduce hit-and-runs but face resistance from local transporters.
• Uttar Pradesh: The state has the highest road accident deaths on highways, making the law’s enforcement critical. However, mob violence fears are acute here, complicating compliance.
• Maharashtra: Protests in cities like Mumbai and Nagpur were intense, with truckers blocking highways. The state’s dense traffic and logistics hub status amplify the law’s economic stakes.
• West Bengal and Punjab: These states saw significant protest activity, with fuel shortages disrupting daily life. Local drivers demand amendments to address their safety concerns.

The Role of Technology in Enforcement

Technology could be a game-changer in enforcing the hit and run new law in India. Here’s how it’s being leveraged:

• CCTV and Traffic Cameras: Cities like Delhi and Bengaluru are expanding AI-powered camera networks to track vehicles involved in hit-and-runs, cross-referencing license plates with accident reports.
• Dashcams: Affordable dashcams are gaining popularity, providing admissible evidence in court. The law encourages their use to identify offenders.
• Mobile Apps: Platforms like Good Samaritan apps and police helplines allow citizens to report hit-and-runs, aiding investigations.
• License Plate Recognition (LPR): LPR systems help police locate fleeing vehicles across state borders, reducing escape chances.

However, privacy concerns linger, with critics warning that increased surveillance could infringe on civil liberties. Balancing enforcement with rights will be key.

Pros and Cons of the New Law

Pros

• Deterrence: The 10-year penalty and fine discourage drivers from fleeing, potentially saving thousands of lives.
• Victim Support: Incentives for reporting ensure timely medical aid, while compensation schemes offer financial relief.
• Modernized Justice: The BNS aligns India’s laws with global standards, addressing a long-standing gap in the IPC.
• Public Awareness: The law’s controversy has spotlighted road safety, encouraging civic responsibility.

Cons

• Harsh Penalties: The 10-year jail term and ₹7 lakh fine are seen as excessive, especially for low-income drivers.
• Mob Violence Risk: The law doesn’t protect drivers from crowd attacks, deterring compliance.
• Implementation Challenges: India’s overstretched police and judicial systems may struggle to enforce the law fairly.
• Economic Disruption: Protests and driver shortages could strain India’s logistics sector, raising costs for consumers.

What Can Drivers Do to Stay Compliant?

To avoid falling afoul of the hit and run new law in India, drivers should follow these steps after an accident:

1. Stop Immediately: Pull over safely and assess the situation. Do not flee, as this triggers Section 106(2).
2. Ensure Safety: Move to a safe location and call 100 or 112 for emergency services if there are injuries.
3. Assist the Injured: Provide first aid if possible or help transport victims to a hospital, unless mob violence is imminent.
4. Report the Incident: Inform the police or a magistrate promptly via a PCR call or in-person visit.
5. Document the Scene: Take photos of the accident, vehicle damage, and any witnesses, as evidence may protect you.
6. Consult a Lawyer: If charged, seek legal advice to navigate the complex BNS provisions.

Installing a dashcam and carrying emergency contact numbers can also help drivers stay prepared.

What If You’re a Hit-and-Run Victim?

If you or a loved one are victims of a hit-and-run, take these steps:

• Stay Safe: Move to a secure location and call 100 or 112 for police and medical help.
• Gather Evidence: Note the fleeing vehicle’s details (make, model, color, partial license plate) and look for witnesses or cameras.
• File a Police Report: Provide a detailed account to aid the investigation. Mention the new BNS provisions to ensure proper action.
• Seek Compensation: Apply for the ₹2 lakh hit-and-run compensation under the Motor Vehicles Act, 2019, through your state’s authorities.
• Legal Support: Consult a lawyer to explore civil claims or additional victim compensation schemes.

Acting quickly maximizes your chances of justice and financial recovery.

The Road Ahead: Can the Law Succeed?

The hit and run new law in India is a bold step toward safer roads, but its success hinges on addressing key challenges:

• Stakeholder Dialogue: The government’s decision to delay Section 106(2) and consult the AIMTC is promising. Inclusive policymaking can balance safety and fairness.
• Public Awareness Campaigns: Educating drivers about the law’s intent and their responsibilities could reduce resistance and encourage compliance.
• Infrastructure Improvements: Poor road conditions and inadequate signage contribute to accidents. Investments in infrastructure could complement the law.
• Protecting Drivers: Legal safeguards against mob violence, such as safe reporting mechanisms, are essential to encourage drivers to stay at accident scenes.
• Judicial Efficiency: Streamlining court processes to handle hit-and-run cases quickly will ensure justice without prolonged hardship for drivers or victims.

Real Stories: The Human Cost of Hit-and-Runs

To grasp the stakes, consider these real-life stories:

• Priya’s Tragedy: In 2023, Priya, a 28-year-old teacher in Uttar Pradesh, was struck by a hit-and-run driver while crossing a highway. The driver fled, and Priya died before help arrived. Her family hopes the new law will prevent such tragedies.
• Ravi’s Dilemma: Ravi, a truck driver in Maharashtra, stopped to help an accident victim in 2022 but was attacked by a mob, suffering severe injuries. He now fears the new law’s expectation to stay at the scene, highlighting the need for driver protections.

These stories underscore why the hit and run new law in India matters—and why it must evolve to address real-world complexities.

FAQs About the Hit and Run New Law in India

What is the penalty for a hit-and-run under the new law?

Fleeing an accident scene without reporting can lead to up to 10 years imprisonment and a fine (potentially ₹7 lakh). Reporting the incident reduces the penalty to up to 5 years.

Why are truckers protesting the law?

Truckers argue the penalties are too harsh, fail to address mob violence risks, and unfairly target larger vehicles. They also criticize the lack of consultation before the law’s passage.

Is the new law currently in effect?

As of April 2025, Section 106(2) is on hold pending consultations with the AIMTC. Other BNS provisions took effect on July 1, 2024.

How can victims claim compensation?

Victims or their families can apply for ₹2 lakh for deaths or ₹50,000 for injuries under the Motor Vehicles (Amendment) Act, 2019, through state authorities.

Can drivers avoid penalties by reporting accidents?

Yes, reporting an accident promptly reduces the penalty to up to 5 years under Section 106(1), compared to 10 years for fleeing.

Conclusion: Navigating India’s New Road Reality

The hit and run new law in India is a double-edged sword—a bold attempt to save lives on one of the world’s deadliest road networks, but a contentious policy that’s rattled the nation’s drivers. With 50,000 hit-and-run deaths annually, the need for change is undeniable, yet the law’s harsh penalties and lack of driver protections have sparked legitimate concerns. As India navigates this new legal landscape in 2025, the path forward lies in collaboration, compassion, and a commitment to safer roads for all.

Whether you’re a driver facing the law’s consequences, a victim seeking justice, or a citizen advocating for change, understanding the hit and run new law in India is crucial. Stay informed, drive responsibly, and support efforts to balance accountability with fairness. For the latest updates, check government websites or consult a legal professional. Together, we can steer India toward a future where no one flees the scene—and every life matters.